The message, “module not specified,” encountered within the Android Studio environment, signifies the IDE’s inability to locate or correctly identify the specific organizational unit within a project the user intends to execute or debug. This frequently arises when project configurations are incomplete or corrupted, such as when attempting to run a Gradle task targeting a designated software component, and the system cannot determine the component to which the instruction applies. For example, selecting “Run” without appropriately selecting the pertinent application element in the run configuration will trigger the error.
Correctly defining the aforementioned organizational unit is critical for the proper execution and debugging of applications built using Android Studio. Addressing this issue ensures build processes are directed at the intended sections of the codebase, allowing the developer to test specific app features or fix certain bugs. Historically, this error has stemmed from several root causes including inconsistencies between the IDE settings and the project’s build files. Resolution involves careful review of project structure, specifically the `build.gradle` files, and verification of project dependencies.
The following sections will delve into the common causes behind this problem, troubleshooting strategies to rectify it, and best practices for maintaining project integrity to prevent its reoccurrence.
1. Gradle configuration errors
Gradle configuration errors frequently manifest as the “module not specified” problem within Android Studio. The Gradle build system relies on `build.gradle` files to define project structure, dependencies, and build processes. When these files contain errors, such as syntax mistakes, missing dependencies, or incorrect module definitions, Gradle fails to properly recognize the project’s constituent parts. Consequently, when the IDE attempts to execute a task targeting a specific application element, it cannot locate the corresponding module. For example, if the `settings.gradle` file, which lists all project modules, omits a particular module definition, the error is triggered when attempting to build or run that module.
The implications of such misconfiguration extend beyond a simple error message. A failure in Gradle configuration can lead to unpredictable build outcomes, inconsistent app behavior, and difficulties in debugging. Consider a scenario where a library dependency is declared with an incorrect version number in the `build.gradle` file. The build process might proceed without indicating a clear error. However, when the code relying on this library is executed, the app could crash or exhibit unexpected behavior. This, in turn, can be difficult to diagnose without first recognizing the underlying Gradle configuration issue. Practical application lies in using Gradle’s build analysis tools and rigorously validating `build.gradle` files after any modification.
In summary, a direct causal relationship exists between Gradle configuration errors and the “module not specified” notification. Recognizing this connection is crucial for efficient problem-solving. Effective strategies involve meticulous examination of Gradle build files, leveraging Gradle’s diagnostic capabilities, and adopting continuous integration practices to catch configuration errors early in the development lifecycle. Correct resolution is essential for seamless build and deployment processes.
2. Incorrect run configuration
An incorrect run configuration stands as a frequent cause for the “module not specified” error within Android Studio. A run configuration dictates how the IDE executes an application, specifying the entry point, associated module, and build variants. If this configuration is either absent, incomplete, or points to a non-existent or improperly defined module, Android Studio cannot determine the target to execute. The effect is the generation of the error message when attempting to run or debug the application. The accurate setup of a run configuration is therefore a critical component of successful application execution within the development environment.
Consider a scenario where a project comprises multiple modules, each representing a distinct functional unit or library. If a run configuration is created manually, and the designated module is inadvertently left blank, the IDE lacks the necessary information to initiate the build process for the correct component. Similarly, if the run configuration points to a module that has been renamed or removed from the project structure without updating the configuration accordingly, the error will appear. Real-life application extends to dynamically generated run configurations, where errors in the generation logic can introduce inaccuracies, leading to the same problem. The practical significance lies in the understanding that run configurations serve as essential directives for the IDE, and any discrepancy will disrupt the normal build cycle.
In summary, a flawed run configuration directly impacts Android Studio’s ability to identify and execute the specified module, triggering the “module not specified” error. Precise definition and maintenance of these configurations are paramount. The challenge lies in ensuring configuration accuracy, especially in complex multi-module projects or when relying on automated configuration generation. Proper understanding of this connection enables developers to more effectively troubleshoot and resolve build errors, fostering a more streamlined development process.
3. Missing module definition
The absence of a module definition is a direct cause of the “module not specified” error in Android Studio. The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) depends on explicit declarations of modules within project configuration files to understand the project’s structure. When a module, representing a distinct component of the application, lacks proper definition in the `settings.gradle` file or associated build files, the IDE cannot locate it during build or execution processes. This leads to the “module not specified” message, effectively halting the development workflow. A practical instance arises when a new module is added to the project but not included in the `settings.gradle` file’s `include` directives; the IDE will subsequently fail to recognize the module when attempting to build or run it.
The ramifications of a missing module definition extend beyond a simple build error. It signals a fundamental disconnect between the project’s actual structure and the IDE’s understanding of it. This disconnect can manifest in various forms, including unresolved dependencies, compilation failures, and difficulties in debugging. For example, if a module is referenced by another but not properly defined, the referencing module may fail to compile due to the IDE’s inability to locate the necessary code. Furthermore, the absence of module definitions can complicate project maintenance, making it difficult to add new features or refactor existing code. Practical application lies in enforcing strict coding standards and build validation to proactively detect and correct such omissions.
In conclusion, a missing module definition is an elementary yet crucial error directly causing the “module not specified” problem in Android Studio. It underscores the importance of meticulous project configuration and careful adherence to build system requirements. The primary challenge is ensuring that all modules are properly declared and integrated into the project’s build system, thereby maintaining the integrity and stability of the development environment. Resolving this issue ensures seamless build and deployment processes.
4. Corrupted project structure
A corrupted project structure represents a significant cause for the “module not specified” error within Android Studio. The IDE depends on a well-defined directory hierarchy and consistent configuration files to accurately identify and manage project components. When the expected structural integrity is compromised, Android Studio may fail to locate the necessary module definitions or dependencies, triggering the error. This corruption can arise from various sources, including abrupt termination of IDE processes during file write operations, manual modification of project files leading to inconsistencies, or issues during version control operations like merging branches with conflicting structural changes. For instance, deleting a module’s directory directly through the file system, without properly removing its references from `settings.gradle` and other build files, leaves the project structure in an inconsistent state, leading to the error.
The consequences of a corrupted project structure extend beyond the initial error message. It can lead to unpredictable build behavior, compilation failures, and difficulty in synchronizing the project with the Gradle build system. Consider a scenario where the module dependency graph is disrupted due to a missing module definition; subsequent build operations may fail due to unresolved dependencies, hindering the ability to compile and run the application. Furthermore, a compromised project structure can introduce subtle errors that are difficult to diagnose, particularly if the corruption affects only specific parts of the codebase. Practical application lies in adopting a robust version control system with regular backups and implementing automated build validation processes to detect and mitigate structural inconsistencies early in the development cycle. Regularly invalidating caches/restarting may also fix these problems.
In summary, a corrupted project structure directly contributes to the “module not specified” error within Android Studio by disrupting the IDE’s ability to locate and manage project modules. Preserving project structural integrity is, therefore, a critical element of a stable development environment. The primary challenge is ensuring that project files and directory structures remain consistent and synchronized, particularly during collaborative development efforts and when performing complex version control operations. Addressing this issue involves meticulous project management practices and robust error handling procedures to minimize the risk of structural corruption and maintain a consistent build process.
5. IDE synchronization issues
IDE synchronization, the process through which Android Studio aligns its internal representation of a project with the actual file system and build configurations, is integral to project integrity. When synchronization fails, discrepancies arise between the IDE’s understanding of the project and its true state. Such failures frequently manifest as the “module not specified” error, indicating the IDE’s inability to resolve module dependencies or locate project components.
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Gradle Project Refresh Failures
Gradle Project Refresh failures occur when Android Studio cannot successfully rebuild its internal model of the project based on the `build.gradle` files. This may be due to network connectivity problems when downloading dependencies, corruption of Gradle cache files, or inconsistencies within the Gradle configuration itself. When the refresh fails, the IDE’s knowledge of available modules becomes outdated, leading to the “module not specified” error when attempting to run or debug specific modules. For example, a newly added module will not be recognized until a successful Gradle sync occurs.
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Cache Invalidation Problems
Android Studio caches project information to improve performance. However, if the cache becomes corrupted or outdated, it can lead to synchronization issues. This is particularly relevant after significant project changes, such as refactoring module names or altering the project’s directory structure. When the cached information is inconsistent with the actual project structure, the IDE may report that a module is missing, even if it exists in the file system. Invalidating the cache and restarting Android Studio is a common solution to these problems.
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File System Event Discrepancies
Android Studio relies on file system events to detect changes in the project structure. However, in certain scenarios, these events may not be reliably propagated to the IDE. This can occur due to operating system limitations, anti-virus software interference, or external tools that modify project files without notifying the IDE. As a result, the IDE may not be aware of newly added modules or changes to existing module configurations. This lack of real-time synchronization can lead to the “module not specified” error, especially when attempting to execute recently modified or added modules.
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Version Control Conflicts
When working with version control systems like Git, conflicts can arise when merging branches with differing project structures. These conflicts can introduce inconsistencies in the IDE’s project representation if not resolved correctly. For example, if a module is removed in one branch but still referenced in another, merging these branches may result in a broken project structure that triggers the “module not specified” error. Resolving version control conflicts carefully and ensuring the project is properly synchronized with the version control repository are crucial to prevent these issues.
Therefore, maintaining robust IDE synchronization is vital for ensuring accurate project representation within Android Studio. Failure to do so directly contributes to the “module not specified” error. Regular Gradle synchronization, proper cache management, awareness of file system event limitations, and careful handling of version control conflicts are all essential practices to mitigate the risk of synchronization-related issues and maintain a stable development environment.
6. Dependency resolution failure
Dependency resolution failure, characterized by the inability to locate or acquire required software components, frequently precipitates the “module not specified” error within the Android Studio development environment. The connection between these two phenomena is significant, impacting project build processes and stability. When dependencies cannot be resolved, the IDE struggles to construct the necessary build environment for specified modules, ultimately leading to error conditions.
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Missing Repositories
The absence of repositories containing the required dependency artifacts can cause resolution failure. Android projects declare dependencies in `build.gradle` files, specifying coordinates like group ID, artifact ID, and version. If a specified repository, such as Maven Central or JCenter, is not configured or temporarily unavailable, the build system cannot locate the artifact. For instance, an internal library hosted on a private repository will not resolve if the repository URL is not correctly declared in the project’s `repositories` block. This results in the “module not specified” error as the module’s build process cannot proceed without the required dependency.
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Incorrect Dependency Declarations
Errors within dependency declarations can impede the resolution process. A common issue involves declaring the wrong version number for a particular dependency. If a module requires a specific version of a support library, and the `build.gradle` file mistakenly specifies an incompatible or non-existent version, the build system will fail to locate and download the artifact. This situation also includes typographic errors in artifact names or group IDs. Since the IDE cannot fulfill the dependency requirements, it may consequently report a “module not specified” error, especially when the missing dependency is critical for the module’s compilation.
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Conflicting Dependency Versions
Dependency conflicts, where multiple modules or libraries require different versions of the same dependency, create complex resolution scenarios. When Gradle attempts to reconcile these conflicting requirements, it may fail to find a compatible set of dependencies. This issue frequently occurs in larger projects with numerous third-party libraries. For example, two libraries each requiring different versions of `appcompat` could lead to dependency resolution failure. The IDE then cannot reliably build the affected modules, which may trigger the “module not specified” error when attempting to execute build tasks.
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Transitive Dependency Issues
Transitive dependencies, those that are automatically included as dependencies of other dependencies, can also cause resolution problems. If a transitive dependency is unavailable or introduces conflicts, it impacts the resolution of the primary dependency that relies on it. For instance, a primary dependency may require a specific version of Guava; if a transitive dependency relies on a different, incompatible Guava version, the resolution process will fail. The “module not specified” error can thus indirectly result from issues within transitive dependency chains, even if the primary dependencies appear correctly declared. When Gradle attempts to build the module, these dependency chain errors will create an issue and result in an error.
Therefore, dependency resolution failure represents a critical factor contributing to the “module not specified” error within Android Studio. Correctly configuring repositories, precisely declaring dependency versions, managing version conflicts, and understanding transitive dependency chains are essential for ensuring successful build processes. Failure to address these aspects undermines the IDE’s ability to construct a complete build environment, leading to execution failures and associated error messages.
7. Improper module selection
Improper module selection constitutes a direct antecedent to the “module not specified” error within the Android Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The error manifests when the system fails to identify the target of an operation, typically during build or execution, because the selected module context is either non-existent or inconsistent with the intended action. The “module not specified” error arises because the IDE cannot reconcile the user’s command with a defined build target. For instance, if the user attempts to execute a run configuration that is not explicitly associated with a specific module within a multi-module project, the system defaults to a null or undefined module context, resulting in the observed error. This issue commonly surfaces in projects with a modular architecture, where distinct functional components are encapsulated within separate, self-contained modules.
The practical significance of understanding this connection lies in the ability to diagnose and resolve build-related issues efficiently. When encountering the “module not specified” error, the first step involves verifying the active run configuration and confirming that it correctly targets the desired module. This includes examining the “Module” field in the run configuration settings to ensure it corresponds to the intended build target. Furthermore, users should review the project structure to confirm the existence and proper definition of the selected module within the `settings.gradle` file. An example of this practical application is when a developer, intending to build a specific feature module for testing, inadvertently triggers a build process without selecting the corresponding module; this generates the “module not specified” message, prompting a manual correction of the run configuration.
In summary, improper module selection represents a core cause of the “module not specified” error within Android Studio. Resolving this requires careful validation of run configurations, accurate module selection, and a thorough understanding of the project’s modular structure. The challenge lies in maintaining awareness of the active context during development, particularly in complex, multi-module projects. Addressing this issue directly contributes to a more streamlined and predictable build process, enhancing developer productivity and reducing build-related errors.
8. Build variant mismatch
Build variant mismatch, an inconsistency between the selected build type (e.g., debug, release) and the specified module, can trigger the “module not specified” error within Android Studio. This misalignment prevents the IDE from locating the appropriate module configuration, impeding the build process. Such inconsistencies are particularly prevalent in complex projects with multiple modules and customized build configurations.
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Variant-Specific Dependencies
Build variants often dictate the inclusion of variant-specific dependencies. If a module requires a library available only in a particular build variant and that variant is not selected, the IDE cannot resolve the dependency. The attempt to build the module without the proper dependencies leads to the “module not specified” error, as the IDE cannot construct a complete build environment. For instance, a debug variant might include debugging tools, while a release variant omits them; selecting the release variant while the module depends on the debugging tools would induce the error.
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Source Set Configurations
Build variants also influence the active source sets. Different variants may utilize distinct source code directories, resource files, or build configurations. A mismatch occurs when the selected variant expects a particular directory structure or file configuration that is absent in the project or incorrectly mapped. This scenario commonly arises after refactoring or merging branches with differing variant-specific configurations. The IDE, failing to locate the expected resources or code, signals the “module not specified” error.
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Build Type Overrides
Build types, such as debug or release, often override default configurations. If a build type incorrectly overrides settings related to module dependencies or resource paths, it can disrupt the build process. For example, an improperly configured debug build type may inadvertently exclude a necessary module dependency, causing the “module not specified” error. These overrides can arise from misconfigured `build.gradle` files or from inconsistencies between project settings and build type configurations.
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Flavor-Specific Configurations
Product flavors introduce further complexity. These flavors represent different versions or branding of the application (e.g., a free version and a paid version). Each flavor can have its own dependencies, source sets, and build configurations. A build variant mismatch occurs if a flavor is selected that is incompatible with the module being built. For instance, if a module is designed to be included only in the free version but is inadvertently included in the paid version’s build process, the “module not specified” error will appear.
Build variant mismatch represents a critical factor that can lead to the “module not specified” error within Android Studio. Correctly aligning the selected build variant with the target module is essential for successful builds. Understanding the nuances of variant-specific dependencies, source sets, build type overrides, and product flavor configurations is critical for mitigating this issue and maintaining a stable development environment. Meticulous configuration of the `build.gradle` files and careful attention to the active build variant are necessary to avoid this class of error.
9. Plugin incompatibility
Plugin incompatibility within the Android Studio environment frequently contributes to the “module not specified” error. These software additions, designed to extend IDE functionality, can, when incompatible with either the IDE itself or the project’s configuration, disrupt the build process and lead to this error. Such incompatibility stems from version conflicts, dependency issues, or fundamental conflicts in plugin functionality, preventing the successful resolution of project modules.
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Gradle Plugin Version Conflicts
The Android Gradle Plugin (AGP), essential for building Android projects, must align with the Gradle version and the Android Studio version. A mismatch among these components introduces build failures, including the “module not specified” error. For instance, attempting to use a newer AGP version with an older Gradle distribution can lead to incompatibility, as the older Gradle version might lack the necessary APIs to support the newer plugin functionalities. This prevents the IDE from correctly interpreting the module’s build configuration.
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Conflicting Dependencies Introduced by Plugins
Certain plugins introduce their own set of dependencies, which can conflict with existing project dependencies. If a plugin mandates a specific version of a library already present in the project with a different version, dependency resolution may fail. This failure, in turn, can prevent the IDE from correctly building the module and result in the “module not specified” error. A concrete example involves a plugin requiring an older version of `com.android.support:appcompat-v7`, while the project itself utilizes a newer AndroidX equivalent.
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Incompatible IDE Plugins
Plugins extending Android Studio’s core functionality may be incompatible with the current IDE version. Such incompatibilities often arise after IDE updates, where plugins designed for older versions lack the necessary adaptations for the new environment. This can manifest in various ways, from UI glitches to more severe build process disruptions, ultimately leading to the “module not specified” error. An example of this includes a code generation plugin designed for Android Studio 3.x, which, when used in Android Studio 4.x, might trigger build errors due to API changes.
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Functionality Overlap and Interference
The overlapping functionalities of multiple plugins can interfere with each other, creating build-time conflicts. If two plugins both attempt to modify the build process in incompatible ways, the resulting interference may prevent the IDE from properly identifying and building project modules. For instance, one plugin might alter the manifest merging process, while another plugin expects the original manifest structure. This functional conflict leads to a failure in module resolution, manifesting as the “module not specified” error.
Plugin incompatibility acts as a significant contributor to the “module not specified” error. Therefore, developers must carefully manage plugins, ensuring version compatibility, resolving dependency conflicts, and mitigating functional interference. Thorough testing after plugin installations or updates is critical for maintaining a stable development environment and preventing this type of build failure.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following section presents common inquiries regarding the “module not specified” error encountered within the Android Studio development environment. Each question addresses a specific facet of this issue, providing concise and informative responses to aid in troubleshooting and prevention.
Question 1: What fundamental condition triggers the “module not specified” error within Android Studio?
The error originates when the IDE, Android Studio, fails to locate or properly identify the intended organizational unit (module) within a project during build or execution processes. This commonly occurs due to configuration errors, missing definitions, or inconsistencies within project structure files.
Question 2: Can outdated or incompatible plugins directly cause the “module not specified” message?
Yes, plugin incompatibility is a known contributor. When plugins are either outdated, conflict with the current Android Studio version, or introduce conflicting dependencies, the IDE may struggle to resolve project modules, resulting in the “module not specified” error.
Question 3: How do incorrect run configurations lead to the occurrence of this error?
An incorrectly configured run configuration, lacking a specified module or pointing to a non-existent one, prevents the IDE from identifying the appropriate build target. Consequently, when attempting to run or debug, the IDE issues the “module not specified” error.
Question 4: Is a corrupted project structure a potential cause of the error, and how can this corruption arise?
Yes, a corrupted project structure can trigger the error. This corruption can stem from interrupted file write operations, manual modification of project files leading to inconsistencies, or issues during version control merges. These actions can disrupt the IDE’s ability to locate module definitions.
Question 5: How do failures in dependency resolution relate to this specific error message?
Dependency resolution failure, the inability to locate or acquire required software components, impedes the IDE’s ability to construct the necessary build environment for specified modules. This can arise from missing repositories, incorrect dependency declarations, or conflicting dependency versions, ultimately leading to the “module not specified” error.
Question 6: What steps can be taken to prevent the reoccurrence of the “module not specified” error?
Preventing this error involves meticulous project configuration, careful maintenance of `build.gradle` files, ensuring proper IDE synchronization, managing plugin compatibility, and validating run configurations. Furthermore, adopting robust version control practices and implementing automated build validation are crucial steps.
Addressing the “module not specified” error necessitates a systematic approach, focusing on project configuration, dependency management, and IDE settings. By understanding the underlying causes and implementing preventative measures, a more stable development environment can be achieved.
The subsequent section will present troubleshooting strategies and resolution techniques to address the “module not specified” error effectively.
Tips for Addressing “Module Not Specified” in Android Studio
The “module not specified” error in Android Studio can disrupt development workflows. Implementing proactive measures and consistent practices minimizes its occurrence and impact.
Tip 1: Validate Gradle Configuration Files. Examine `settings.gradle` and module-level `build.gradle` files for syntactic correctness and completeness. Missing module inclusions in `settings.gradle` directly lead to the error. Verify that dependencies are declared accurately, referencing existing libraries and components within the project.
Tip 2: Verify Run/Debug Configurations. Ensure that run/debug configurations explicitly specify a valid module. When creating new configurations or modifying existing ones, confirm the “Module” field accurately reflects the intended target for execution. Avoid leaving this field blank, as it induces ambiguity and triggers the error.
Tip 3: Synchronize the IDE with Gradle. Perform a “Sync Project with Gradle Files” operation after making significant changes to project structure, adding or removing modules, or modifying dependencies. This action forces Android Studio to refresh its internal representation of the project, resolving inconsistencies that could cause the error.
Tip 4: Invalidate Caches and Restart. Android Studio’s caching mechanism, while generally beneficial, can sometimes retain outdated or corrupted information. Invalidate the IDE’s caches and restart the application to clear any residual inconsistencies. This process often resolves synchronization issues and alleviates the “module not specified” error.
Tip 5: Maintain Consistent Plugin Versions. Ensure that all installed plugins are compatible with the current version of Android Studio and the Android Gradle Plugin. Incompatible plugins disrupt the build process. Review plugin documentation for version compatibility information and update or remove conflicting plugins accordingly.
Tip 6: Review Version Control Operations After merging branches, explicitly verify the integrity of the project structure. Discrepancies stemming from improperly resolved merge conflicts will contribute to build errors. Conflicts in the `.idea` folder are common.
Adherence to these tips promotes a more stable development environment and significantly reduces the likelihood of encountering the “module not specified” error. Consistent attention to project configuration and IDE synchronization streamlines the build process.
The subsequent section offers a summary of key takeaways from this exploration, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to prevent and resolve issues related to the “module not specified” error.
Conclusion
The comprehensive analysis presented demonstrates that the “module not specified android studio” error is multifaceted, stemming from configuration inadequacies, dependency conflicts, plugin incompatibilities, and structural inconsistencies. Addressing this issue requires a systematic approach, focusing on meticulous project configuration, proactive dependency management, and vigilant IDE synchronization. The severity of this error necessitates a thorough understanding of Gradle build files, run configurations, and project structure.
Maintaining a stable Android development environment necessitates ongoing vigilance and proactive mitigation strategies. The persistent pursuit of best practices in project management, build configuration, and dependency resolution will minimize the occurrence of the “module not specified android studio” error, ensuring a more predictable and efficient development lifecycle. Diligence in adhering to established configuration standards and implementing robust build validation processes remains paramount for maintaining project integrity and minimizing development disruptions.
