9+ Smart TV vs Android TV: Which is Best Now?


9+ Smart TV vs Android TV: Which is Best Now?

The comparison highlights two distinct approaches to television functionality. One represents a broader category encompassing any television set with integrated internet connectivity and pre-installed applications. The other constitutes a specific operating system developed by Google, powering a subset of connected televisions. Functionality overlaps exist, but inherent differences in operating systems, application availability, and user experience contribute to unique usage scenarios.

Understanding the nuances between these systems offers significant advantages for consumers. It enables informed purchasing decisions based on individual needs and technological preferences. Historically, connected televisions represented a significant leap in home entertainment, moving beyond traditional broadcast signals. The introduction of dedicated operating systems like Google’s platform further advanced the capabilities, providing enhanced features and greater customization options. This shift significantly altered the landscape of content consumption and media access.

The following discussion will delve into the specifics of operating systems, user interfaces, app ecosystems, hardware capabilities, and update cycles. These elements are crucial in distinguishing the functional attributes of various television platforms and should be carefully considered when evaluating available options.

1. Operating System

The operating system (OS) is a fundamental component distinguishing smart televisions from Android TVs. A smart television, in its broader definition, simply necessitates internet connectivity and pre-installed applications. This allows manufacturers to implement diverse, often proprietary, operating systems. This results in varying user interfaces, levels of app support, and update cycles. For instance, Samsung’s Tizen OS and LG’s webOS are examples of proprietary systems, each offering unique features and application selections. These platforms control the user experience from boot-up to application usage, thereby shaping the consumer’s interaction with the device. The implementation of these systems directly affects the features and functionality available, impacting everything from voice control to streaming capabilities.

Android TV, conversely, represents a specific operating system derived from the Android mobile platform. Developed by Google, it provides a standardized interface, access to the Google Play Store, and integration with Google services such as Google Assistant. Sony, Philips, and TCL are examples of manufacturers that incorporate Android TV into their products. Consequently, these televisions offer a consistent user experience and a wide range of applications. This consistency provides developers with a unified platform, fostering broader app availability. The impact of using a common platform like Android TV is its open-source nature, which encourages developers to create and optimize applications for a wider audience.

In summary, the choice of operating system directly influences a television’s capabilities, application ecosystem, and long-term support. While proprietary systems can offer unique features, they may lack the extensive app availability and frequent updates of Android TV. Understanding the operational differences in operating systems is crucial for consumers seeking a television that aligns with their specific needs and usage patterns, whether its broad brand choice or specific apps.

2. App Availability

App availability represents a core differentiator between generic smart televisions and Android TVs. The former, often relying on proprietary operating systems, present a limited and manufacturer-curated selection of applications. This limitation stems from the closed nature of these systems, restricting developer access and inhibiting the widespread adoption of niche or emerging applications. Consequently, a user might find essential streaming services or specialized content unavailable on a particular smart television brand. For example, a television utilizing a lesser-known proprietary OS may lack support for a popular regional streaming service, leading to user dissatisfaction and a reduced utility of the device. This restriction impacts overall content consumption and reduces the device’s versatility.

Android TV, by leveraging the Google Play Store, offers a significantly broader range of applications. The platform benefits from the vast developer ecosystem associated with the Android operating system. Most mainstream streaming services, including Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Disney+, and Hulu, are readily available. Additionally, users can access a wide array of games, utilities, and specialized content apps that cater to diverse interests. This extensive selection effectively transforms the television into a comprehensive entertainment hub, capable of satisfying varying user preferences. For instance, users can seamlessly switch between watching live TV, streaming movies, and playing video games, all within a single, integrated environment.

Ultimately, app availability exerts a profound influence on the long-term value and user experience of a television. While some proprietary platforms may offer exclusive features or simplified interfaces, the limited app selection can quickly become a significant drawback. Android TVs open ecosystem provides greater flexibility and adaptability to evolving content consumption patterns, ensuring access to a diverse and expanding library of applications. This difference must be considered when evaluating the total feature set of either type of television.

3. User Interface

The user interface (UI) serves as the primary point of interaction between a user and the televisions functionality, fundamentally shaping the user experience. In the context of proprietary smart television operating systems, the UI often reflects the manufacturer’s brand identity and design philosophy. This can result in interfaces that prioritize simplicity and visual appeal, sometimes at the expense of deeper customization or broader functionality. For example, some smart televisions feature streamlined home screens with limited app shortcuts, prioritizing ease of access to core streaming services. However, this approach may require users to navigate through multiple menus to access less frequently used applications or settings, increasing interaction time. Conversely, a poorly designed UI, regardless of its visual appeal, can frustrate users and diminish the overall value of the device. Response delays, cluttered menus, and non-intuitive navigation can negatively impact user engagement and satisfaction.

Android TV presents a more standardized UI, rooted in the Google Material Design framework. This provides a consistent look and feel across different television brands and models, fostering familiarity and ease of use. The interface typically includes a customizable home screen that allows users to arrange apps, set preferences, and access personalized recommendations. Moreover, Android TV integrates Google Assistant, enabling voice control and hands-free operation. Users can search for content, adjust settings, and control other smart home devices using voice commands. The practical implication of this standardized UI is a reduced learning curve for users familiar with other Android devices. It facilitates a seamless transition and allows users to leverage existing knowledge and skills. The result is an increased engagement and a greater level of satisfaction.

In summary, the user interface plays a critical role in differentiating various television platforms. While proprietary systems may offer unique aesthetic designs or brand-specific features, they can often suffer from limitations in customization and app discoverability. Android TV’s standardized interface and integration with Google services provide a consistent and user-friendly experience across different devices. The choice between these approaches depends on individual preferences and usage patterns. Users prioritizing simplicity and visual appeal may find proprietary systems appealing, while those seeking greater customization, broader functionality, and seamless integration with other Android devices may prefer Android TV. The key challenges lie in balancing ease of use with the need for customization and features.

4. Hardware Specs

Hardware specifications significantly influence the performance and longevity of both smart televisions and Android TVs. Processing power, memory (RAM), and storage capacity directly affect the speed and responsiveness of the operating system, application loading times, and overall user experience. Smart televisions with underpowered hardware often exhibit sluggish performance, resulting in frustrating navigation and slow app loading. Conversely, Android TVs, while benefiting from a standardized operating system, also rely heavily on robust hardware to deliver a smooth and responsive experience. Insufficient RAM, for instance, can lead to application crashes and lag during multitasking, negating the advantages of the Android TV platform. For example, a lower-end Android TV with a less capable processor might struggle with high-resolution video playback or complex gaming applications, limiting the device’s potential. The impact of inadequate hardware is especially noticeable when running demanding applications or multitasking between several programs. The quality of components used, such as the panel and the audio system, also play a crucial role in delivering high-quality content.

Consider the practical application of these hardware considerations. A consumer intending to use their television primarily for streaming video content may prioritize models with sufficient processing power to handle high-definition or ultra-high-definition (4K/8K) streams. They may also want the device to have sufficient internal storage for downloading apps. In contrast, users who intend to play graphics-intensive games or use their television for productivity tasks may need to focus on devices with faster processors, more RAM, and dedicated graphics processing units (GPUs). The selection of the smart tv or android tv would need to take these considerations into account. The availability of Wi-Fi 6 will also play a crucial part.

In conclusion, hardware specifications are a critical determinant of performance and overall user satisfaction for both smart televisions and Android TVs. While the operating system dictates the functionality and app availability, the underlying hardware defines the user experience. Understanding the correlation between hardware and software allows consumers to make informed purchasing decisions based on their individual needs and usage patterns. Choosing a device with appropriate hardware ensures long-term usability and optimal performance, regardless of the underlying operating system. Manufacturers should prioritize optimal hardware configurations to guarantee a seamless user experience and extend the lifespan of their devices.

5. Update Frequency

Update frequency represents a crucial aspect differentiating smart televisions from Android TVs. The regularity with which a television receives software updates directly impacts its long-term functionality, security, and overall user experience. In the evolving landscape of digital entertainment, consistent updates are essential for maintaining compatibility with new services, addressing security vulnerabilities, and introducing new features.

  • Security Patching

    Timely security updates are paramount for protecting a television against potential cyber threats. Connected televisions, like other internet-enabled devices, are susceptible to malware and security exploits. Regular updates address these vulnerabilities, safeguarding user data and preventing unauthorized access to the device. Android TVs, given their reliance on the Android operating system, typically benefit from frequent security patches released by Google. In contrast, proprietary smart television platforms may receive less frequent or delayed security updates, potentially leaving users vulnerable to security risks.

  • Feature Enhancements and Bug Fixes

    Software updates not only address security concerns but also introduce new features, improve performance, and resolve existing bugs. These updates can enhance the user interface, optimize application compatibility, and improve overall system stability. Android TVs, backed by Google’s ongoing development efforts, often receive feature enhancements and performance improvements through regular software updates. Smart televisions with proprietary systems may experience slower or less frequent feature updates, potentially limiting the device’s long-term utility. The updates help ensure the smart tv or android tv continue to perform its basic functionalities.

  • App Compatibility

    The digital content landscape is constantly evolving, with new streaming services and applications emerging regularly. Software updates are essential for maintaining compatibility with these evolving platforms. Android TVs, due to their standardized operating system, generally receive updates to support new app versions and streaming protocols. Smart televisions with proprietary systems may struggle to maintain compatibility with newer applications, potentially restricting access to desired content. This forces the consumer to upgrade more frequently.

  • Long-Term Support and Device Longevity

    Update frequency directly impacts the long-term usability of a television. Devices that receive regular software updates tend to remain functional and relevant for a longer period, extending their lifespan and maximizing user value. Android TVs, with Google’s commitment to supporting its platform, typically enjoy longer periods of software support compared to proprietary smart television platforms. This extended support translates to a greater return on investment for consumers and promotes sustainability by reducing electronic waste.

In summary, update frequency plays a critical role in differentiating smart televisions from Android TVs. Android TVs, leveraging Google’s established update infrastructure, generally offer more frequent and reliable updates, providing enhanced security, new features, and improved app compatibility. Smart televisions with proprietary systems often lag in update frequency, potentially limiting their long-term functionality and value. Consumers seeking a future-proof television should carefully consider the update frequency of the platform before making a purchasing decision, thus ensuring the smart tv or android tv meets their needs.

6. Content Ecosystem

The content ecosystem associated with a television platform dictates the breadth and depth of available media, directly influencing the user’s entertainment experience. This ecosystem differentiates smart televisions from Android TVs, shaping accessibility, variety, and overall value proposition.

  • Streaming Service Integration

    Integration with streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Disney+, and Hulu is paramount. Android TV generally offers superior integration due to its reliance on the Google Play Store, providing easy access to a vast library of streaming applications. Generic smart televisions often feature a pre-installed selection of streaming apps, but this selection may be limited or lack support for niche or regional services. Consequently, Android TV tends to offer a more comprehensive and adaptable content ecosystem. For instance, an individual relying on multiple streaming platforms may find Android TV’s broader compatibility significantly more convenient.

  • Live TV and Broadcast Integration

    The ability to integrate live TV sources, whether through over-the-air antennas or cable/satellite providers, is crucial for many users. Android TV devices often incorporate live channels alongside streaming content, providing a unified viewing experience. Smart televisions may also offer live TV integration, but the implementation can vary significantly depending on the manufacturer and the region. The quality of the electronic program guide (EPG) and the ease of switching between live TV and streaming apps are critical factors. The presence of features such as channel reordering and parental controls further enhances the live TV experience.

  • Gaming and Interactive Content

    The content ecosystem extends beyond traditional video to include gaming and interactive experiences. Android TV, leveraging the Google Play Store, provides access to a wide range of Android games that can be played directly on the television. Some Android TV devices also support cloud gaming services, enabling users to stream high-end games without requiring dedicated gaming hardware. Generic smart televisions may offer limited gaming capabilities or rely on proprietary gaming platforms with a smaller selection of titles. The availability of game controllers and the overall gaming performance are critical factors to consider.

  • User-Generated Content and Media Sharing

    The content ecosystem also encompasses user-generated content and media sharing capabilities. Android TV integrates seamlessly with Google Photos and Google Drive, allowing users to easily display photos and videos on their television screen. Some Android TV devices also support Chromecast, enabling users to cast content from their smartphones, tablets, or computers. Smart televisions may offer similar media sharing features, but the implementation can be less seamless or require proprietary apps. The ability to easily share photos, videos, and music with family and friends enhances the overall entertainment experience.

These facets, including streaming options, live TV integration, gaming access, and media sharing features, illustrate the importance of content ecosystems. Android TV, with its open platform and integration with Google services, typically offers a more diverse and adaptable content ecosystem. However, specific content preferences and usage patterns ultimately dictate the optimal choice between a smart television and an Android TV. The key lies in assessing individual needs and selecting a platform that provides access to the desired content, therefore deciding whether it should be a smart tv or android tv.

7. Customization Options

Customization options represent a significant aspect of the user experience, differentiating smart televisions from Android TVs. The degree to which users can personalize their viewing environment directly impacts satisfaction and perceived value. The ability to tailor the interface, content, and functionality to individual preferences is a key factor in determining the suitability of a particular platform.

  • Home Screen Personalization

    Android TV offers a high degree of home screen personalization, allowing users to arrange apps, widgets, and content recommendations according to their preferences. Users can prioritize frequently used applications and tailor the display to reflect their viewing habits. Conversely, many smart televisions with proprietary operating systems offer limited home screen customization, restricting users to predefined layouts and application placements. This difference affects the efficiency with which users can access desired content. For instance, a user who primarily uses streaming services would benefit from the ability to place those apps prominently on the home screen. A smart tv or android tv customization comes in handy.

  • Application Selection and Management

    Android TV allows users to install and uninstall applications from the Google Play Store, providing access to a vast library of apps. This enables users to tailor the television’s functionality to their specific needs and interests. Smart televisions with proprietary operating systems often restrict application selection to a curated list, limiting the user’s ability to expand the device’s capabilities. For example, a user who wants to use their television for video conferencing may require access to specific video conferencing apps that may not be available on all smart television platforms. Management of those Apps is also Customizable to users.

  • Input Source Customization

    Customizing input sources is also a significant customization option. Android TV and many smart televisions allow users to rename and reorder input sources, such as HDMI ports, to match their connected devices. This simplifies the process of selecting the correct input source and enhances the overall user experience. Customization ensures that the experience of the users are enhanced at every corner.

  • Accessibility Features

    Customization options related to accessibility are critical for users with disabilities. Android TV offers a range of accessibility features, including screen readers, closed captions, and high-contrast modes, enabling users with visual or auditory impairments to use the television effectively. Smart televisions may also offer accessibility features, but the implementation and availability can vary significantly depending on the manufacturer. In the context of smart tv versus android tv, choosing the one that suits the accessibility features is crucial.

In summation, customization options are an important consideration when comparing smart televisions and Android TVs. Android TV’s open platform and extensive personalization capabilities generally offer a more adaptable and user-centric experience. However, some users may prefer the simplicity and streamlined interface of certain smart televisions with proprietary operating systems. Choosing between them depends on individual preferences and the extent to which customization is valued. This is a consideration for both smart tv and android tv options.

8. Manufacturer Support

Manufacturer support represents a critical, yet often overlooked, component in evaluating the long-term value of both smart televisions and Android TVs. The level and quality of post-purchase support directly impacts a device’s usability, longevity, and overall user satisfaction. This support encompasses software updates, bug fixes, warranty services, and customer assistance, effectively determining the lifespan and usefulness of the television after the initial purchase. The distinction between smart televisions and Android TVs becomes particularly evident when considering the differing support strategies adopted by manufacturers.

For Android TVs, support is often influenced by Google’s involvement, particularly regarding operating system updates and security patches. Manufacturers like Sony and Philips, who utilize Android TV, typically benefit from Google’s commitment to providing regular software updates, ensuring that devices remain secure and compatible with the latest applications. However, the extent to which manufacturers actively address hardware-related issues or provide responsive customer support can vary significantly. Conversely, smart televisions with proprietary operating systems rely entirely on the manufacturer for all forms of support. This can lead to inconsistent support experiences, with some manufacturers providing prompt and effective assistance, while others offer limited or delayed support. The impact of inadequate manufacturer support can range from minor inconveniences, such as unresolved software bugs, to more serious issues, such as hardware failures that render the television unusable. Examples abound of users experiencing frustration due to delayed software updates, unresponsive customer service, or difficulties obtaining warranty repairs for smart televisions with limited manufacturer support. In such cases, the initial cost savings associated with a less expensive smart television may be offset by the long-term costs of inadequate support and reduced device lifespan.

In conclusion, the level and quality of manufacturer support should be a primary consideration when evaluating smart televisions and Android TVs. While Android TVs often benefit from Google’s ongoing software support, the overall support experience can vary depending on the manufacturer. Smart televisions with proprietary operating systems are entirely dependent on the manufacturer for all forms of support, making it essential to research the manufacturer’s reputation and support policies before making a purchase. Consumers should prioritize manufacturers with a proven track record of providing responsive customer service, timely software updates, and comprehensive warranty coverage. This proactive approach will help ensure a positive and sustainable television ownership experience.

9. Price Point

The price point serves as a crucial factor influencing consumer decisions when selecting a smart television or an Android TV. It often reflects a complex interplay of hardware specifications, software capabilities, brand reputation, and manufacturer support, necessitating a careful assessment of value proposition relative to budgetary constraints.

  • Entry-Level Affordability

    Generic smart televisions frequently occupy the lower end of the price spectrum, offering basic connectivity and streaming capabilities at a budget-friendly cost. This affordability stems from simplified hardware configurations, less sophisticated operating systems, and reduced investment in software development and support. For instance, a smaller, lesser-known brand might offer a 4K smart television at a significantly lower price than comparable models from established manufacturers. This approach is appealing to cost-conscious consumers seeking minimal functionality. However, the trade-off often involves limitations in performance, app availability, and long-term software support. The lower smart tv cost is very attractive.

  • Mid-Range Functionality and Value

    Android TVs often populate the mid-range price segment, balancing performance, features, and brand recognition. These televisions typically incorporate more robust hardware, including faster processors and greater memory, enabling smoother operation and enhanced user experiences. The Android TV platform, with its access to the Google Play Store and frequent software updates, provides a broader range of applications and improved long-term support. Manufacturers like TCL and Hisense offer Android TVs at competitive price points, attracting consumers who seek a more versatile and future-proof entertainment solution. Consumers appreciate the android tv flexibility and price.

  • Premium Features and Performance

    High-end smart televisions and Android TVs command premium price points, reflecting superior hardware, advanced display technologies, and enhanced audio capabilities. These models often incorporate features like OLED or QLED panels, high dynamic range (HDR) support, and advanced audio processing technologies to deliver exceptional picture and sound quality. Premium Android TVs, such as those offered by Sony and Philips, combine cutting-edge hardware with the versatile Android TV platform, appealing to discerning consumers who prioritize performance and features over cost. These models often benefit from enhanced manufacturer support and extended warranty coverage.

  • Brand Influence and Perceived Value

    Brand reputation and perceived value exert a significant influence on the price point of both smart televisions and Android TVs. Established brands with a track record of quality and innovation often command premium prices, even when comparable models from lesser-known brands offer similar features at lower costs. Consumers are often willing to pay a premium for the perceived reliability, brand trust, and status associated with established brands like Samsung, LG, and Sony. This brand influence extends to Android TVs, where manufacturers like Sony leverage their brand reputation to justify higher price points for their Android TV models.

Ultimately, the price point serves as a crucial decision-making factor, reflecting a complex interplay of features, performance, brand reputation, and manufacturer support. While generic smart televisions offer budget-friendly entry points, Android TVs often provide a more balanced blend of functionality, performance, and long-term value. Premium models, from both smart television and Android TV categories, cater to discerning consumers who prioritize cutting-edge technology and exceptional performance, irrespective of price. Understanding these price-related trade-offs is vital for consumers seeking to maximize their investment in home entertainment.

Frequently Asked Questions

This section addresses common inquiries regarding the distinctions between smart televisions and Android TVs, providing factual answers to aid informed decision-making.

Question 1: What fundamentally differentiates a smart television from an Android TV?

A smart television represents a broad category of televisions with internet connectivity and pre-installed applications. An Android TV is a specific type of smart television utilizing the Android operating system developed by Google. All Android TVs are smart televisions, but not all smart televisions are Android TVs.

Question 2: Does Android TV guarantee access to all available streaming services?

Android TV offers access to a wide array of streaming services through the Google Play Store. However, the availability of specific applications may vary based on regional licensing agreements and developer support. While most mainstream services are accessible, certain niche or regional platforms might not be present.

Question 3: Are software updates more frequent on Android TVs compared to other smart televisions?

Android TVs typically benefit from more frequent software updates, including security patches and feature enhancements, due to Google’s involvement in the operating system’s development and maintenance. Proprietary smart television platforms may experience less frequent or delayed updates, depending on the manufacturer’s support policies.

Question 4: Is an Android TV inherently more secure than a smart television with a proprietary operating system?

The security of a television depends on consistent and timely security updates. Android TVs, receiving regular security patches from Google, generally possess a more robust security posture. However, it’s crucial to verify that the manufacturer provides timely updates, as the Android platform itself does not guarantee complete security. Smart tv security features can vary.

Question 5: Does the Android TV operating system result in a uniform user experience across all brands?

While Android TV provides a standardized operating system, manufacturers retain the ability to customize the user interface to a certain extent. Therefore, subtle differences in menu design, pre-installed applications, and overall aesthetics may exist between different Android TV brands. However, the core functionality and access to the Google Play Store remain consistent.

Question 6: Do Android TVs typically cost more than smart televisions with proprietary systems?

The price point of a television is influenced by numerous factors, including screen size, display technology, processing power, and brand recognition. While Android TVs often occupy the mid-range price segment, it is possible to find both cheaper and more expensive options compared to smart televisions with proprietary operating systems. A direct price comparison requires evaluating similar specifications and features.

These FAQs have hopefully clarified many points when choosing between smart tv and android tv options.

The next article section will delve into the purchase recommendations.

Smart TV versus Android TV

The decision to acquire a smart television or an Android TV necessitates careful consideration of individual needs and priorities. The following recommendations aim to guide prospective buyers through key factors influencing device selection.

Tip 1: Assess Content Consumption Habits: Evaluate the primary use cases for the television. Heavy streaming users should prioritize platforms with broad app compatibility, favoring Android TV due to its access to the Google Play Store. Users primarily relying on local broadcasts or specific streaming services may find generic smart televisions adequate, provided the required applications are pre-installed or readily available.

Tip 2: Evaluate Hardware Specifications: Hardware capabilities directly impact performance and longevity. Opt for models with sufficient processing power and RAM to ensure smooth navigation and application loading. Insufficient hardware can lead to lag and frustration, especially with demanding applications. Consider screen resolution and refresh rate based on viewing preferences and source content.

Tip 3: Consider Long-Term Software Support: Prioritize televisions receiving regular software updates, including security patches and feature enhancements. Android TVs, backed by Google’s update infrastructure, generally offer superior long-term software support. Inquire about the manufacturer’s update policy for proprietary smart television platforms.

Tip 4: Evaluate User Interface Preferences: The user interface shapes the overall user experience. Android TV provides a standardized and customizable interface, while proprietary smart television platforms may offer unique designs. Evaluate the ease of navigation, menu organization, and available customization options based on individual preferences.

Tip 5: Assess Manufacturer Support and Warranty: Prioritize manufacturers with a reputation for responsive customer service and comprehensive warranty coverage. Post-purchase support is crucial for addressing technical issues and ensuring long-term device usability. Research online reviews and forums to gauge the manufacturer’s support quality.

Tip 6: Establish a Realistic Budget: Price points vary significantly between smart televisions and Android TVs. Establish a realistic budget that aligns with desired features and performance. Consider the long-term value proposition, including software support and warranty coverage, rather than solely focusing on the initial purchase price.

In summary, choosing between a smart television and an Android TV demands a balanced assessment of individual needs, technical specifications, and budgetary constraints. By carefully evaluating content consumption habits, hardware specifications, software support, user interface preferences, manufacturer support, and price point, prospective buyers can make informed decisions that maximize their satisfaction and long-term investment. Each smart tv and android tv should be carefully considered to find a suitable solution.

The next step involves a conclusion to summarize and wrap up the facts.

Conclusion

The preceding analysis elucidates key distinctions between “smart tv versus android tv” categories. It reveals that choice depends largely on individual needs and preferences. While smart televisions provide entry-level connectivity, Android TVs offer a standardized, versatile experience supported by Google’s platform. Hardware capability, software update reliability, and brand-specific support are important considerations in both categories.

Ultimately, selecting the appropriate device requires a comprehensive understanding of these factors. Consumers should consider their personal usage patterns and content access needs to make an informed decision. The ongoing evolution of television technology guarantees future advancements. Consumers should perform due diligence and seek to adopt the most suitable device for their needs.